Diabetic polyneuropathy

Diabetic polyneuropathy is a type of nerve damage that occurs as a result of high blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. It is the most common type of neuropathy in people with diabetes, affecting up to 50% of people with the disease.

Causes

The exact cause of diabetic polyneuropathy is not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to long-term exposure to high levels of blood sugar. Over time, high blood sugar can damage the nerves that control sensation and movement in the body.

Symptoms

Symptoms of diabetic polyneuropathy can vary, but typically involve a gradual onset of nerve damage. These may include:

• Numbness, tingling, or burning sensations in the hands and feet
• Loss of sensation in the feet and legs
• Muscle weakness, especially in the legs
• Balance problems and difficulty walking
• Digestive problems, such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
• Sexual dysfunction

Treatment

There is no cure for diabetic polyneuropathy, but there are several treatments that can help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. These may include:

• Tight control of blood sugar levels to prevent further damage
• Pain management medications, such as anti-depressants and anti-seizure drugs
• Physical therapy to improve strength and balance
• Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy, which uses a small electrical current to stimulate the nerves and reduce pain

Complications

If left untreated, diabetic polyneuropathy can lead to several complications, including:

• Foot ulcers and infections, which can lead to amputation
• Falls and injuries due to balance problems
• Digestive problems that can lead to malnutrition and dehydration
• Sexual dysfunction, which can have a negative impact on the quality of life

It is important for people with diabetes to maintain good blood sugar control and to report any symptoms of neuropathy to their healthcare provider in order to prevent or manage complications associated with diabetic polyneuropathy.